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Also available as an e-book The book argues that the decision-making processes within international organizations and other global governance bodies ought to be subjected to procedural and substantive legal constraints that are associated domestically with the requirements of the rule of law. The book explains why law -- international, regional, domestic, formal or soft -- should restrain global actors in the same way that judicial oversight is applied to domestic administrative agencies. It outlines the emerging web of global norms designed to protect the rights and interests of all affected individuals, to enable public deliberation, and to promote the legitimacy of the global bodies. These norms are being shaped by a growing convergence of expectations of global institutions to ensure public participation and representation, impartiality and independence of decision-makers, and accountability of decisions. The book explores these mechanisms as well as the political and social forces that are shaping their development by analysing the emerging judicial practice concerning a variety of institutions, ranging from the UN Security Council and other formal organizations to informal and private standard-setting bodies.

Higher Education operates in an increasingly global context, and yet the examination of what drives and moves the field has remained largely focused on domestic campus leaders, national governments and institutional actors. International Organizations and Higher Education Policy expands the analysis to include the global drivers behind higher education policy, including a full array of influential organizations such as the World Bank, UNESCO, OECD, WTO, bilateral aid agencies and major private foundations. The significance of these organizations is especially pronounced in the developing world, where the expansion of higher education is happening in conjunction with the broadening influence of globalization. International Organizations and Higher Education Policy critically analyses the impact that these influential organizations have at different levels of policy development and implementation around the world. It examines their role in higher education institutions, examines the strength of these relationships, and exposes both the positive and negative implications. This edited volume is composed of scholars and members of these organizations from around the world. They address: How international organizations represent the interests of the developed world and subsequently have an impact on the developing world. How these organizations drive and shape the global agenda for higher education How higher education as an international industry is subject to a myriad of influences, from the international to the regional level What ethical issues emerge when international organizations intervene in national policy-making processes. Section 1: Introduction: The history and influence of multinational/regional organizations and regimes (all terms will be explained and defined) on higher education Section 2: Multilateral Organizations/Regimes: Chapter 1: UNESCO: Worldwide and regional scopes (Potential author: Stamenka Uvalic-Trumbic, UNESCO) Chapter 2: UNESCO: A critical revision on its influence in higher education (potential author Alma Maldonado-Maldonado, Univ. of Arizona) Chapter 3: OECD: Programmes, Centres, and other bodies investigating issues related to higher education (potential author Stephan Vincent-Lancrin, OECD) Chapter 4: OECD: Mechanisms of influence and critical analysis of its impact in higher education (Potential author: Miriam Henry, Queensland University of Technology, Red Hill, Australia) Chapter 5: The World Bank: Its role in higher education since 1944 (Likely authors: Jamil Salmi & Rick Hopper, The World Bank) Chapter 6 The World Bank and its higher education initiatives: A critical view (Potential author: Joel Samoff, Stanford University) Chapter 7: The WTO: Higher education possibilities (Potential author: Jane Knight, OISE, Toronto) Chapter 8: The GATS: Current debate and situation (Likely author: Roberta Malee Bassett) Chapter 9: International organizations and bilateral aid: National interests and transnational agendas (Likely authors: Brendan Cantwell and Alma Maldonado-Maldonado, University of Arizona,) Section 3: Regional Actors: Chapter 10: Asia/Oceana (Potential author: Simon Marginson, University of Melbourne) Chapter 11: Europe (Potential author: Pedro Lourtie, Instituto Superior—Lisbon) Chapter 12: Latin America (Potential author: Carmen García-Guadilla, Center for Development Studies, Central University of Venezuela) Chapter 13: Africa (Likely author: Damtew Teferra, The Ford Foundation and The Journal of Higher Education in Africa) Chapter 14: Inter-American/Asian/African Development Bank (Potential author: Suganya Hutaserani, Asian Development Bank) Chapter 15: Regional Banks in the shadow of the World Bank: A critical examination Chapter 16: Regional initiatives: Balancing local priorities or legitimizing global influences? Section 4: Internationally/Regionally Active Foundations: Chapter 17: Foundations sponsoring higher education initiatives and individuals (Potential author, Daniel Levy, SUNY Albany) Chapter 18: Altruism, interventionism or cooperation? Analytical discussion on Foundations supporting higher education Section 5: Conclusions: Between the NGO’s, international organizations and corporations, where are the Nation-States? Roberta Malee Bassett is currently serving as a higher education specialist with the World Bank, in Washington, DC. Alma Maldonado-Maldonado is assistant professor at the Center for the Study of Higher Education at the University of Arizona. \"The editors of this volume have given the international higher education community a valuable resource as we enter the second decade of the 21st century. This book has the potential to serve as a tool for nation states, regional consortiums, and international organizations as they consider their roles in the regulation, direction, and funding of higher education. I highly recommend it as a text in graduate-level courses in higher education and international education and could make the case that international organizations use the book as a resource to better navigate the sometimes difficult landscape of working with and understanding higher education on the national, regional, and global levels.\"-- The Review of Higher Education , Volume 33, Number 4, Summer 2010, pp. 604-606

Following the end of the Cold War and in the context of globalization, this book examines the extent to which member states dominate decision making in international organizations and whether non-state actors, for example non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations, are influential. The authors assess the new patterns of decision-making to determine whether they are relatively open or closed privileged networks. The organizations examined include the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the EU, G8, the World Trade Organization, International Maritime Organizations, the World Health Organization and the OECD.

\"This work posits that, over the past two centuries, democratic norms have spread from domestic politics to intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). Grigorescu explores how norms shaped IGO decision-making rules such as those driving state participation, voting, access to information, and the role of NGOs and transnational parliaments. The study emphasizes the role of 'normative pressures' (the interaction between norm strength and the degree to which the status quo strays from norm prescriptions). Using primary and secondary sources to assess the plausibility of its arguments across two centuries and two dozen IGOs, the study focuses on developments in the League of Nations, the International Labor Organization, the United Nations, the World Bank, the European Union, and the World Trade Organization\"-- Provided by publisher.

Brings together leading experts from all over the world to further the debate on the various dimesions of accountability of IMF to its various sharholders and stakeholders. Having fully explored how the notion of accountability can be pragmatically applied it then tests various alternative appriaches and makes some recommendations.

This volume assesses the importance of international organisations in global governance during the last ten years. The prestigious team of international contributors seek to determine the ways in which IO's contribute to the solution of global problems by influencing international decision-making in ways that go beyond the lowest common denominator of national interests.

Provides an analytical framework for assessing the impact of NGOs on intergovernmental negotiations on the environment and identifying the factors that determine the degree of NGO influence, with case studies that apply the framework to negotiations on climate change, biosafety, desertification, whaling, and forests.